Deciduosis in a cesarean scar

Endometriosis is the term used to describe the presence of endometrial tissue at sites other than the uterus. It may rarely arise from scar tissue due to previous abdominal surgery such as cesarean section or episiotomy and may present with some histological features of decidual change, fibrosis, hyperplasia, metaplasia and calcifications. Here we present a case report of a 34 years old gravida who had a nodular thickening of previous surgical scar and it was diagnosed as a case of deciduosis

Histopathological patterns of testicular biopsies in male infertility

To evaluate histopathological patterns of testicular biopsy specimens from infertile males and to categorize each case according to Modified Johnson scoring system. Male infertility contributes to about 20% of infertility cases. Testicular biopsy is important in categorizing patients with Azoospermia and provides useful information and guidelines for further treatment. Histopathological findings of testicular biopsies are of significant importance in making decision for selection of cases for Intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI] in patients with non obstructive azoospermia. Testicular biopsies from male patients with history of infertility and azoospermia were included in this study. All biopsies were received in 10% formalin fixative and routinely processed and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin [H and E]. Clinical data was obtained and recorded on a proforma. All cases were examined microscopically and various histological patterns were evaluated and categorized according to the histopathological patterns and Modified Johnson scoring was performed. A total 53 cases of testicular biopsies from azoospermic males were evaluated. Mean age was 28 years and range was from 24-56 years. Most frequent pattern was of Sertoli cell only syndrome [30.18%], further categorized as Johnson score 2. The second most frequent was hypospermatogenesis [18.86%], further categorized as Johnson score 7. There were 5 cases that showed mixed pattern and 1 case showed discordant pattern. This study outlines the different histopathological patterns of testicular biopsies in cases of male infertility in our setup and identifies Sertoli cell only syndrome as the most common pathological finding amongst various histopathological patterns

Uterine leiomyomata -unusual number managed with conservation of uterus

Uterine leiomyomata are the commonest neoplasms of female reproductive tract. On an average there are six to seven fibroids in the affected uterus. These neoplasms may lead to symptoms like menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, pressure effects, urinary frequency, pelvic pain, infertility and pelvic mass. Here we present a case report of 34 years old nulliparous women having an unusual number [48] of fibroids. As she was nulliparous and wanted to conceive, her uterus was conserved and all the fibroids were surgically removed

Endometrial histological findings in infertile women

Infertility is a global health problem and in Pakistan frequency of subfertility is 21.9%. The fact that cyclical histological changes in the endometrium correlate with fluctuating biorhythms of various hormone levels enables histological appearance of the endometrium to be a reliable parameter to evaluate the cause of infertility. To discern the histological patterns of endometrium in infertile women. This study was carried out at the clinic of one of the authors. The study included 120 consecutive cases of infertile women seeking Assisted Reproductive Treatment. D and C was performed to obtain the endometrial biopsy. The biopsy specimen was then fixed, processed and sectioned. Haematoxylin and Eosin staining was performed. Histological sections were examined under the microscope for evaluation of morphological features. The results were analyzed and percentages calculated. In the present study majority of patients [46.6%] belonged to 26-30 years age group. Amongst the morphological patterns observed, the percentage of cases in secretory phase was the maximum. There were 17 [14%] cases of cystic hyperplasia and the feature of intraluminal tufting was noted in 65 [54%] cases. Additionally, there were 4 [3.3%] cases of non specific endometritis and 1 [0.8%] case of tuberculous endometritis. In majority of the cases [46.7%] there was sporadic lymphocytic infiltration. Endometrial biopsy give information about hormone response of endometrium as well as the local factors of endometrium concerning non-specific and specific infections, tuberculous endometritis, hyperplasias and anovulatory cycle.

Comparative analysis of estrogen, progesterone, C-ERBB-2 receptor status of age matched male and female breast carcinoma

To assess the estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PR] status and Her-2/neu oncogene mutation in male breast carcinomas and to compare these prognostic markers with age matched female patients. This is a comparative descriptive study carried out in the department of Pathology [Histopathology], Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, with necessary collaboration with Armed Forces Institute of Pathology [AFIP], from January 2007 to January 2009. Twenty male patients were divided in different age groups and age group matched 20 female breast carcinoma cases were selected. Request forms and haematoxylin and eosin [H and E] stained slides were assessed for age of the patients, type and grade of the tumor. Tumors were graded according to the Nottingham Modification of Bloom-Richardson classification and Immunohistochemical scoring for ER and PR was done by H Scoring method. The c-erbB-2 scoring was done according to DAKO Scoring system. Forty [20 males and 20 females] patients of breast carcinoma were included in the study. Majority were having invasive ductal carcinoma. The predominant histological grade was grade-II. Statistically significant correlation, was found between the intensities of ER and PR in male patients as compared to female patients [p value =0.001] except in age group 26-35 where it was more in females [p value =0.001]. There was no significant difference in the c-erbB-2 scoring of both groups [p value >0.05]. Male breast cancers display distinct immunophenotypic features than in females, implying a different pathogenesis in the evolution and progression of this disease. This recognition may provide better-focused treatment strategies and improved survival